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AUD to TRY Live Rate

Last updated June, 03 15:04 (GMT -4:00)

1 AUD = 13.8489 TRY

Prev. Close: 13.6648 Day's Range: 13.6601 - 13.8628

AUD

₺

TRY

AUD Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Exchange	Rate	Last day
AUD to GBP rate	0.53171 ▼	0.5252
AUD to EUR rate	0.61791 ▼	0.613
AUD to CAD rate	0.88883 ▼	0.8843
AUD to USD rate	0.662 ▼	0.658
AUD to NZD rate	1.09178 ▼	1.0849
AUD to TRY rate	13.87612 ▼	13.739
AUD to DKK rate	4.60421 ▼	4.5521
AUD to AED rate	2.43146 ▼	2.4165
AUD to NOK rate	7.29775 ▼	7.2981
AUD to SEK rate	7.15053 ▼	7.1065
AUD to CHF rate	0.60178 ▼	0.5958
AUD to JPY rate	92.6502 ▼	91.38
AUD to HKD rate	5.18895 ▼	5.1512
AUD to MXN rate	11.6224 ▼	11.5463
AUD to SGD rate	0.89396 ▼	0.8865
AUD to ZAR rate	12.91587 ▼	12.9121

Economic indicators of Australia and Turkey

Indicator	Australia	Turkey
Private Consumption	314,124 Mil. AUD, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-
Real Private Consumption	288,104 Mil. Ch. FY 2021 AUD, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-
Real GDP	555,690 Mil. Ch. FY 2021 AUD, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-
Nominal GDP	631,402 Mil. AUD, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-
Investment	424,279,000,000 NCU, Annual; 2017	-
Producer Price Index (PPI)	124.4 Index FY 2012=100, NSA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1	-
Consumer Price Index (CPI)	132.6 Index FY 2012=100, NSA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1	-
Unemployment Rate	5.59 % of total labor force, Annual; 2017	-
Imports of Goods	-44,029 Mil. AUD, SA, Monthly; Mar 2023	-
Exports of Goods	59,299 Mil. AUD, SA, Monthly; Mar 2023	-
Net Exports	40,904 Mil. AUD, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-
Lending Rate	4.8 % p.a., NSA, Monthly; Nov 2019	-
House Price Index	195.45 Index FY 2012=100, SA, Quarterly; 2021 Q4	-
Consumer Confidence	79.01 Index, SA, Monthly; May 2023	-
Retail Sales	35,262 Mil. AUD, SA, Monthly; Apr 2023	-
Personal Income	17,189 Mil. Ch. FY 2021 AUD, SA, Quarterly; 2022 Q4	-

AUD to TRY Historical Rates(table)

Date	Open	Highest	Lowest	Close
AUD to TRY (2023-06-02)	13.8559	13.6742	13.9313	13.6190
AUD to TRY (2023-06-01)	13.6648	13.5258	13.7359	13.3881
AUD to TRY (2023-05-31)	13.5182	13.3399	13.5782	13.2477
AUD to TRY (2023-05-30)	13.3407	13.1441	13.4406	13.0627
AUD to TRY (2023-05-29)	13.1341	13.0533	13.2289	12.9855
AUD to TRY (2023-05-26)	12.9890	12.9746	13.1681	12.8935
AUD to TRY (2023-05-25)	12.9677	13.0122	13.0983	12.8867
AUD to TRY (2023-05-24)	13.0138	13.1279	13.1905	12.9094
AUD to TRY (2023-05-23)	13.1161	13.1992	13.5113	13.0493
AUD to TRY (2023-05-22)	13.1934	13.1806	13.3892	13.0604
AUD to TRY (2023-05-19)	13.1597	13.1081	13.2875	13.0406
AUD to TRY (2023-05-18)	13.0913	13.1563	13.2428	12.9965
AUD to TRY (2023-05-17)	13.1463	13.1277	13.2528	12.9971
AUD to TRY (2023-05-16)	13.1256	13.1799	13.2697	13.0502
AUD to TRY (2023-05-15)	13.1629	13.0108	13.2484	12.9824
AUD to TRY (2023-05-12)	12.9996	13.0993	13.2059	12.9040
AUD to TRY (2023-05-11)	13.1008	13.2471	13.3315	13.0144
AUD to TRY (2023-05-10)	13.2427	13.1982	13.3888	13.0824
AUD to TRY (2023-05-09)	13.1831	13.2317	13.2978	13.0992
AUD to TRY (2023-05-08)	13.2245	13.1606	13.3531	13.1141
AUD to TRY (2023-05-05)	13.1759	13.0525	13.2319	12.9865
AUD to TRY (2023-05-04)	13.0464	12.9861	13.1172	12.8889
AUD to TRY (2023-05-03)	12.9766	12.9740	13.0931	12.8879

AUD to TRY Handy Conversion

1 AUD = 13.849 TRY

2 AUD = 27.698 TRY

3 AUD = 41.547 TRY

4 AUD = 55.396 TRY

5 AUD = 69.245 TRY

6 AUD = 83.093 TRY

7 AUD = 96.942 TRY

8 AUD = 110.791 TRY

9 AUD = 124.64 TRY

10 AUD = 138.489 TRY

15 AUD = 207.734 TRY

20 AUD = 276.978 TRY

25 AUD = 346.223 TRY

50 AUD = 692.445 TRY

100 AUD = 1384.89 TRY

200 AUD = 2769.78 TRY

250 AUD = 3462.225 TRY

500 AUD = 6924.45 TRY

750 AUD = 10386.675 TRY

1000 AUD = 13848.9 TRY

1500 AUD = 20773.35 TRY

2000 AUD = 27697.8 TRY

5000 AUD = 69244.5 TRY

10000 AUD = 138489 TRY

Comparison between Australia and Turkey

Background comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Australia	Turkey
Prehistoric settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia at least 40,000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession of the east coast in the name of Great Britain (all of Australia was claimed as British territory in 1829 with the creation of the colony of Western Australia). Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the Allied effort in World Wars I and II. In recent decades, Australia has become an internationally competitive, advanced market economy due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s and its location in one of the fastest growing regions of the world economy. Long-term concerns include an aging population, pressure on infrastructure, and environmental issues such as floods, droughts, and bushfires. Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth, making it particularly vulnerable to the challenges of climate change. Australia is home to 10 per cent of the world's biodiversity, and a great number of its flora and fauna exist nowhere else in the world.	Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years. From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.

Australia

Turkey

Prehistoric settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia at least 40,000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession of the east coast in the name of Great Britain (all of Australia was claimed as British territory in 1829 with the creation of the colony of Western Australia). Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the Allied effort in World Wars I and II.

In recent decades, Australia has become an internationally competitive, advanced market economy due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s and its location in one of the fastest growing regions of the world economy. Long-term concerns include an aging population, pressure on infrastructure, and environmental issues such as floods, droughts, and bushfires. Australia is the driest inhabited continent on earth, making it particularly vulnerable to the challenges of climate change. Australia is home to 10 per cent of the world's biodiversity, and a great number of its flora and fauna exist nowhere else in the world.

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.

Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces and claimed more than 40,000 lives. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, however intense fighting resumed in 2015. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Over the past decade, economic reforms, coupled with some political reforms, have contributed to a growing economy, although economic growth slowed in recent years.

From 2015 and continuing through 2016, Turkey witnessed an uptick in terrorist violence, including major attacks in Ankara, Istanbul, and throughout the predominantly Kurdish southeastern region of Turkey. On 15 July 2016, elements of the Turkish Armed forces attempted a coup that ultimately failed following widespread popular resistance. More than 240 people were killed and over 2,000 injured when Turkish citizens took to the streets en masse to confront the coup forces. In response, Turkish Government authorities arrested, suspended, or dismissed more than 100,000 security personnel, journalists, judges, academics, and civil servants due to their alleged connection with the attempted coup. The government accused followers of an Islamic transnational religious and social movement for allegedly instigating the failed coup and designates the followers as terrorists. Following the failed coup, the Turkish Government instituted a State of Emergency in July 2016 that has been extended to July 2017. The Turkish Government conducted a referendum on 16 April 2017 that will, when implemented, change Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.

Geography comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

	Australia	Turkey
Location	Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean	Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria
Geographic coordinates	27 00 S, 133 00 E	39 00 N, 35 00 E
Map references	Oceania	Middle East
Area	total: 7,741,220 sq km land: 7,682,300 sq km water: 58,920 sq km note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island country comparison to the world: 7	total: 783,562 sq km land: 769,632 sq km water: 13,930 sq km country comparison to the world: 38
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 2,816 km border countries (8): Armenia 311 km, Azerbaijan 17 km, Bulgaria 223 km, Georgia 273 km, Greece 192 km, Iran 534 km, Iraq 367 km, Syria 899 km
Coastline	25,760 km	7,200 km
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin	territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea; 12 nm in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR
Climate	generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north	temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
Terrain	mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast	high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges
Elevation	mean elevation: 330 m elevation extremes: lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m highest point: Mount Kosciuszko 2,228 m	mean elevation: 1,132 m elevation extremes: lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Ararat 5,137 m
Natural resources	bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum note: Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal accounting for 29% of global coal exports	coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower
Land use	agricultural land: 53.4% arable land 6.2%; permanent crops 0.1%; permanent pasture 47.1% forest: 19.3% other: 27.3% (2014 est.)	agricultural land: 49.7% arable land 26.7%; permanent crops 4%; permanent pasture 19% forest: 14.9% other: 35.4% (2011 est.)
Irrigated land	25,500 sq km (2012)	52,150 sq km (2012)
Population - distribution	population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the southeast; a secondary population center is located in and around Perth in the west; of the States and Territories, New South Wales has, by far, the largest population; the interior, or "outback", has a very sparse population	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast
Natural hazards	cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires volcanism: volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald Islands	severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van; landslides; flooding volcanism: limited volcanic activity; its three historically active volcanoes; Ararat, Nemrut Dagi, and Tendurek Dagi have not erupted since the 19th century or earlier
Environment - current issues	soil erosion from overgrazing, deforestation, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural freshwater resources; drought, overfishing, pollution, and invasive species are also problems	water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Geography - note	world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; the largest country in Oceania, the largest country entirely in the Southern Hemisphere, and the largest country without land borders; the only continent without glaciers; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating sea breeze known as the "Fremantle Doctor" affects the city of Perth on the west coast and is one of the most consistent winds in the world	strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link the Black and Aegean Seas; the 3% of Turkish territory north of the Straits lies in Europe and goes by the names of European Turkey, Eastern Thrace, or Turkish Thrace; the 97% of the country in Asia is referred to as Anatolia; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country

People comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

	Australia	Turkey
Population	23,232,413 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 56	80,845,215 (July 2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 18
Nationality	noun: Australian(s) adjective: Australian	noun: Turk(s) adjective: Turkish
Ethnic groups	English 25.9%, Australian 25.4%, Irish 7.5%, Scottish 6.4%, Italian 3.3%, German 3.2%, Chinese 3.1%, Indian 1.4%, Greek 1.4%, Dutch 1.2%, other 15.8% (includes Australian aboriginal .5%), unspecified 5.4% note: data represent self-identified ancestry, over a third of respondents reported two ancestries (2011 est.)	Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 19%, other minorities 7-12% (2016 est.)
Languages	English 76.8%, Mandarin 1.6%, Italian 1.4%, Arabic 1.3%, Greek 1.2%, Cantonese 1.2%, Vietnamese 1.1%, other 10.4%, unspecified 5% (2011 est.)	Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages
Religions	Protestant 23.1% (Anglican 13.3%, Uniting Church 3.7%, Presbyterian and Reformed 2.3%, Baptist 1.5%, Pentecostal 1.1%, Lutheran .7%, other Protestant .5%), Roman Catholic 22.6%, other Christian 4.2%, Muslim 2.6%, Buddhist 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3% (Eastern Orthodox 2.1%, Oriental Orthodox .2%), Hindu 1.9%, other 1.3%, none 30.1%, unspecified 9.6% (2016 est.)	Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
Dependency ratios	total dependency ratio: 51.1 youth dependency ratio: 28.5 elderly dependency ratio: 22.6 potential support ratio: 4.4 (2015 est.)	total dependency ratio: 50.1 youth dependency ratio: 38.4 elderly dependency ratio: 11.7 potential support ratio: 8.5 (2015 est.)
Median age	total: 38.7 years male: 37.9 years female: 39.5 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 58	total: 30.9 years male: 30.5 years female: 31.4 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 110
Population growth rate	1.03% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 110	0.52% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 153
Birth rate	12.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 165	15.7 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 119
Death rate	7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 119	6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 165
Net migration rate	5.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 21	-4.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 185
Population distribution	population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the southeast; a secondary population center is located in and around Perth in the west; of the States and Territories, New South Wales has, by far, the largest population; the interior, or "outback", has a very sparse population	the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast
Urbanization	urban population: 89.7% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 1.37% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island	urban population: 74.4% of total population (2017) rate of urbanization: 1.54% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Major urban areas - population	Sydney 4.505 million; Melbourne 4.203 million; Brisbane 2.202 million; Perth 1.861 million; Adelaide 1.256 million; CANBERRA (capital) 423,000 (2015)	Istanbul 14.164 million; ANKARA (capital) 4.75 million; Izmir 3.04 million; Bursa 1.923 million; Adana 1.83 million; Gaziantep 1.528 million (2015)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth	28.7 years (2014 est.)	22.3 years (2010 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio	6 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 166	16 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 134
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 184	total: 17.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 91
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 82.3 years male: 79.8 years female: 84.9 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 14	total population: 75 years male: 72.7 years female: 77.5 years (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 113
Total fertility rate	1.77 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 156	2.01 children born/woman (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 118
Contraceptive prevalence rate	67.8% note: percent of women aged 18-45 (2011)	73.5% (2013)
Health expenditures	9.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 32	5.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 131
Physicians density	3.5 physicians/1,000 population (2015)	1.75 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
Hospital bed density	3.8 beds/1,000 population (2014)	2.7 beds/1,000 population (2013)
Drinking water source	improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)	improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
Sanitation facility access	improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2015 est.)	improved: urban: 98.3% of population rural: 85.5% of population total: 94.9% of population unimproved: urban: 1.7% of population rural: 14.5% of population total: 5.1% of population (2015 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate	0.1% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 100	NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS	25,000 (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 69	NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths	<500 (2016 est.)	NA
Obesity - adult prevalence rate	29% (2016) country comparison to the world: 27	32.1% (2016) country comparison to the world: 17
Children under the age of 5 years underweight	0.2% (2007) country comparison to the world: 138	1.9% (2013) country comparison to the world: 123
Education expenditures	5.2% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 56	4.4% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 142
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)	total: 20 years male: 20 years female: 21 years (2014)	total: 16 years male: 17 years female: 16 years (2013)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24	total: 12.7% male: 13.9% female: 11.4% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 104	total: 18.5% male: 16.5% female: 22.2% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 72
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.6% male: 98.6% female: 92.6% (2015 est.)

Government comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

	Australia	Turkey
Country name	conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia conventional short form: Australia etymology: the name Australia derives from the Latin "australis" meaning "southern"; the Australian landmass was long referred to as "Terra Australis" or the Southern Land	conventional long form: Republic of Turkey conventional short form: Turkey local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti local short form: Turkiye etymology: the name means "Land of the Turks"
Government type	parliamentary democracy (Federal Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm	parliamentary republic
Capital	name: Canberra geographic coordinates: 35 16 S, 149 08 E time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April note: Australia has three time zones	name: Ankara geographic coordinates: 39 56 N, 32 52 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions	6 states and 2 territories; Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia	81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak
Dependent areas	Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island	-
Independence	1 January 1901 (from the federation of UK colonies)	29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed succeeding the Ottoman Empire)
National holiday	Australia Day (commemorates the arrival of the First Fleet of Australian settlers), 26 January (1788); ANZAC Day (commemorates the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)	Republic Day, 29 October (1923)
Constitution	history: approved in a series of referenda 1898 through 1900, became law 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901 amendments: proposed by Parliament; passage requires approval of a referendum bill by absolute majority vote in both houses of Parliament, approval in a referendum by a majority of voters in at least four states and in the territories, and Royal Assent; proposals that would reduce a state’s representation in either house or change a state’s boundaries require that state’s approval prior to Royal Assent; amended several times, last in 1977 (2017)	history: several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982 amendments: proposed by written consent of at least one-third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary GNA session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request GNA reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority GNA vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended several times, last in 2017 (2018)
Legal system	common law system based on the English model	civil law system based on various European legal systems, notably the Swiss civil code
International law organization participation	accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship	citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Australia dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years	citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkey dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from the government residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal and compulsory	18 years of age; universal
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Gen. Sir Peter COSGROVE (since 28 March 2014) head of government: Prime Minister Malcolm TURNBULL (since 15 September 2015) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and sworn in by the governor general elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general	chief of state: President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 10 August 2014) head of government: Prime Minister Binali YILDIRIM (since 22 May 2016); Deputy Prime Ministers Recep AKDAG (since 20 July 2017), Bekir BOZDAG (since 20 July 2017), Hakan CAVUSOGLU (since 20 July 2017), Fikri ISIK (since 20 July 2017), Mehmet SIMSEK (since 24 November 2015) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president (until the next parliamentary or presidential election following the April 2017 referendum) elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of parliament; note - a 2007 constitutional amendment changed the presidential electoral process to direct popular vote; prime minister appointed by the president from among members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey; election last held on 10 August 2014 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN elected president; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (AKP) 51.8%, Ekmeleddin IHSANOGLU (independent) 38.4%, Selahattin DEMIRTAS (HDP) 9.8%
Legislative branch	description: bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats; 12 members from each of the 6 states and 2 each from the 2 mainland territories; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of state membership renewed every 3 years and territory membership renewed every 3 years) and the House of Representatives (150 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by majority preferential vote; members serve terms of up to 3 years) elections: Senate - last held on 2 July 2016 (next to be held in 2019); House of Representatives - last held on 2 July 2016; this election represents a rare double dissolution where all 226 seats in both the Senate and House of Representatives are up for reelection election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National Coalition 35.2%, ALP 29.8%, the Greens 8.7%, Pauline Hanson's One Nation 4.3%, Nick Xenophon Team 3.3%, other 18.7%; seats by party - Liberal/National Coalition 30, ALP 26, The Greens 9, Pauline Hanson's One Nation 4, Nick Xenophon Team 3, other 4; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National Coalition 42%, ALP 34.7%, The Greens 10.2%, Nick Xenophon Team 1.9%. Katter's Australian Party 0.5%, independent 2.8%, other 7.8%; seats by party - Liberal/National Coalition 76, ALP 69, The Greens 1, Katter's Australian Party 1, Nick Xenophon Team 1, independent 2	description: unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats - will increase to 600 at November 2018 election); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms - term increased to 5 years beginning with November 2018 election) elections: last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held on 24 June 2018) election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 49.5%, CHP 25.3%, MHP 11.9%, HDP 10.8%, other 2.5%; seats by party - AKP 317, CHP 134, HDP 59, MHP 40, ; note - only parties surpassing the 10% threshold can win parliamentary seats
Judicial branch	highest court(s): High Court of Australia (consists of 7 justices, including the chief justice); note - each of the 6 states, 2 territories, and Norfolk Island has a Supreme Court; the High Court is the final appellate court beyond the state and territory supreme courts judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the governor-general in council for life with mandatory retirement at age 70 subordinate courts: subordinate courts: subordinate courts at the federal level: Federal Court; Federal Magistrates' Courts of Australia; Family Court; subordinate courts at the state and territory level: Local Court - New South Wales; Magistrates' Courts – Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory; District Courts – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia; County Court – Victoria; Family Court – Western Australia; Court of Petty Sessions – Norfolk Island	highest court: Constitutional Court or Anayasa Mahkemesi (consists of 17 members - a constitutional referendum held in 2017 approved an amendment to reduce to 15 from 17 the number of Constitutional Court judges); Court of Cassation (consists of about 390 judges and is organized into civil and penal chambers); Council of State (organized into 15 divisions - 14 judicial and 1 consultative - each with a division head and at least 5 members) judge selection and term of office: Constitutional Court members - 3 appointed by the Grand National Assembly and 12 by the president of the republic; court president and 2 deputy presidents appointed from among its members for 4-year terms; judges appointed for 12-year, nonrenewable terms with mandatory retirement at age 65; Court of Cassation judges appointed by the Board of Judges and Prosecutors, a 13-member body of judicial officials; Court of Cassation judges appointed until retirement at age 65; Council of State members appointed by the Board and by the president of the republic; members appointed for renewable, 4-year terms subordinate courts: regional appeals courts; basic (first instance) courts, peace courts; military courts; state security courts; specialized courts, including administrative and audit; note - a constitutional amendment in 2017 abolished military courts unless established to investigate military personnel actions during war conditions
Political parties and leaders	Australian Greens Party [Richard DI NATALE] Australian Labor Party [Bill SHORTEN] Country Liberal Party or CLP [Gary HIGGINS] Liberal National Party of Queensland or LNP [Deborah FRECKLINGTON] Liberal Party of Australia [Malcolm TURNBULL] The Nationals [Michael MCCORMACK] Nick Xenophon Team [Nick XENOPHON] Pauline Hanson’s One Nation [Pauline HANSON]	Democrat Party or DP [Gultekin UYSAL] Democratic Left Party or DSP [Onder AKSAKAL] Felicity Party or SP [Temel KARAMOLLAOGLU] Good Party or IYI [Meral AKSENER] Grand Unity Party or BBP [Mustafa DESTICI] Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN] Nationalist Movement Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI] Patriotic Party or VP [Dogu PERINCEK] People's Democratic Party or HDP [Selahattin DEMIRTAS and Serpil KEMALBAY]; note - DEMIRTAS was detained by Turkish authorities in November 2016 over his alleged links to the PKK Republican People's Party or CHP [Kemal KILICDAROGLU] True Path Party or DYP [Cetin OZACIRGOZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders	business groups, environmental groups, social groups, trade unions	Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Mehmet BOZGEYIK, Aysun GEZEN, cochairs] Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Kani BEKO] Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Abfuttahman KAAN] Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Mahmut ARSLAN] Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations or TISK [Kudret ONEN] Turkish Confederation of Labor Unions or Turk-Is [Ergun ATALAY] Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN] Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Erol BILECIK] Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU]
International organization participation	ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF, SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, CPLP (associate observer), D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (candidate country), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF (partner), SCO (dialogue member), SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph Benedict HOCKEY (since 28 January 2016) chancery: 1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 797-3000 FAX: [1] (202) 797-3168 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco	chief of mission: Ambassador Serdar KILIC (since 21 May 2014) chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 612-6700 FAX: [1] (202) 612-6744 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires James CAROUSO (since September 2016) embassy: Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600 mailing address: APO AP 96549 telephone: [61] (02) 6214-5600 FAX: [61] (02) 6214-5970 consulate(s) general: Melbourne, Perth, Sydney	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affairs Philip KOSNETT (since 16 October 2017) embassy: 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823 telephone: [90] (312) 455-5555 FAX: [90] (312) 467-0019 consulate(s) general: Istanbul consulate(s): Adana
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small, five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars	red with a vertical white crescent moon (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening; the flag colors and designs closely resemble those on the banner of the Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the crescent moon and star serve as insignia for Turkic peoples; according to one interpretation, the flag represents the reflection of the moon and a star in a pool of blood of Turkish warriors
National symbol(s)	Commonwealth Star (seven-pointed Star of Federation), golden wattle tree; national colors: green, gold	star and crescent; national colors: red, white
National anthem	name: "Advance Australia Fair" lyrics/music: Peter Dodds McCORMICK note: adopted 1984; although originally written in the late 19th century, the anthem was not used for all official occasions until 1984; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, "God Save the Queen" is also played at Royal functions (see United Kingdom)	name: "Istiklal Marsi" (Independence March) lyrics/music: Mehmet Akif ERSOY/Zeki UNGOR note: lyrics adopted 1921, music adopted 1932; the anthem's original music was adopted in 1924; a new composition was agreed upon in 1932

Economy comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

	Australia	Turkey
Economy - overview	Following two decades of continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system, Australia enters 2018 facing a range of growth constraints, principally driven by the sharp fall in global prices of key export commodities. Demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China is growing at a slower pace and sharp drops in export prices have impacted growth. The services sector is the largest part of the Australian economy, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. Australia was comparatively unaffected by the global financial crisis as the banking system has remained strong and inflation is under control. Australia benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade in recent years, although this trend has reversed due to falling global commodity prices. Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas Project, will significantly expand the resources sector. Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the WTO, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia’s free trade agreement (FTA) with China entered into force in 2015, adding to existing FTAs with the Republic of Korea, Japan, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, and a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand. Australia continues to negotiate bilateral agreements with Indonesia, as well as larger agreements with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and an Asia-wide Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that includes the 10 ASEAN countries and China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand and India.	Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook. Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms. Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas. After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis. The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.
GDP (purchasing power parity)	$1.235 trillion (2017 est.) $1.209 trillion (2016 est.) $1.179 trillion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 20	$2.133 trillion (2017 est.) $2.029 trillion (2016 est.) $1.966 trillion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 14
GDP (official exchange rate)	$1.39 trillion (2017 est.)	$841.2 billion (2017 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.2% (2017 est.) 2.5% (2016 est.) 2.4% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 146	5.1% (2017 est.) 3.2% (2016 est.) 6.1% (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 38
GDP - per capita (PPP)	$49,900 (2017 est.) $49,600 (2016 est.) $49,100 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 28	$26,500 (2017 est.) $25,400 (2016 est.) $25,000 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars country comparison to the world: 75
Gross national saving	22.3% of GDP (2017 est.) 21.9% of GDP (2016 est.) 22.1% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 72	25.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.) 24.8% of GDP (2015 est.) country comparison to the world: 49
GDP - composition, by end use	household consumption: 57.1% government consumption: 19% investment in fixed capital: 24.2% investment in inventories: 0% exports of goods and services: 20.5% imports of goods and services: -20.8% (2017 est.)	household consumption: 59.8% government consumption: 15.3% investment in fixed capital: 28.6% investment in inventories: -0.9% exports of goods and services: 24% imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin	agriculture: 3.6% industry: 26.1% services: 70.3% (2017 est.)	agriculture: 6.7% industry: 31.8% services: 61.4% (2017 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry	tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock
Industries	mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel	textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Industrial production growth rate	1% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 170	3% (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 100
Labor force	12.91 million (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 45	31.3 million note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 20
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 3.6% industry: 21.1% services: 75.3% (2009 est.)	agriculture: 18.4% industry: 26.6% services: 54.9% (2016 est.)
Unemployment rate	5.6% (2017 est.) 5.7% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 79	11.2% (2017 est.) 10.9% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 147
Population below poverty line	NA%	21.9% (2015 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 25.4% (1994 est.)	lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index	30.3 (2008 est.) 35.2 (1994 est.) country comparison to the world: 132	40.2 (2010 est.) 43.6 (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 65
Budget	revenues: $461 billion expenditures: $484.9 billion (2017 est.)	revenues: $173.9 billion expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)
Taxes and other revenues	33.2% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 66	20.7% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 147
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)	-1.7% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 73	-2% of GDP (2017 est.) country comparison to the world: 86
Public debt	47.1% of GDP (2017 est.) 46.6% of GDP (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 111	29.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 29.4% of GDP (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 165
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2% (2017 est.) 1.3% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 89	10.9% (2017 est.) 7.8% (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 205
Central bank discount rate	3% (28 February 2013 est.) 4.35% (31 December 2010 est.) note: this is the Reserve Bank of Australia's "cash rate target," or policy rate country comparison to the world: 107	5.25% (31 December 2011 est.) 15% (22 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 79
Commercial bank prime lending rate	5.3% (31 December 2017 est.) 5.42% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 140	15.2% (31 December 2017 est.) 14.74% (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 42
Stock of narrow money	$271.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $243.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 19	$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 33
Stock of broad money	$1.586 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.415 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 12	$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
Stock of domestic credit	$2.336 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $2.098 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 12	$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
Market value of publicly traded shares	$1.187 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) $1.289 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) $1.366 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 13	$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 36
Current account balance	$-21.68 billion (2017 est.) $-33.31 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 192	$-38.95 billion (2017 est.) $-32.61 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 198
Exports	$224.5 billion (2017 est.) $191.7 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 25	$157.3 billion (2017 est.) $150.2 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 34
Exports - commodities	iron ore, coal, gold, natural gas, beef, aluminum ores and conc, wheat, meat (excluding beef), wool, alumina, alcohol	apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
Exports - partners	China 30.5%, Japan 12.4%, US 6.5%, South Korea 6.1% (2016)	Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)
Imports	$215.4 billion (2017 est.) $198.5 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 22	$196.8 billion (2017 est.) $191 billion (2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 24
Imports - commodities	motor vehicles, refined petroleum, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude petroleum, medicaments, goods vehicles, gold, computers	machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment
Imports - partners	China 23.4%, US 11.5%, Japan 7.8%, Thailand 5.6%, Germany 5.3%, South Korea 4.3% (2016)	China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold	$60.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $55.07 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 36	$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 25
Debt - external	$1.67 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.547 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 12	$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 30
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home	$647.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $617.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 16	$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 39
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad	$443.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $441.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 18	$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 46
Exchange rates	Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - 1.31 (2017 est.) 1.34 (2016 est.) 1.34 (2015 est.) 1.33 (2014 est.) 1.11 (2013 est.)	Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - 3.63 (2017 est.) 3.02 (2016 est.) 3.02 (2015 est.) 2.72 (2014 est.) 2.19 (2013 est.)

Australia

Turkey

Economy - overview

Following two decades of continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system, Australia enters 2018 facing a range of growth constraints, principally driven by the sharp fall in global prices of key export commodities. Demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China is growing at a slower pace and sharp drops in export prices have impacted growth.

The services sector is the largest part of the Australian economy, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. Australia was comparatively unaffected by the global financial crisis as the banking system has remained strong and inflation is under control.

Australia benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade in recent years, although this trend has reversed due to falling global commodity prices. Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas Project, will significantly expand the resources sector.

Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the WTO, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia’s free trade agreement (FTA) with China entered into force in 2015, adding to existing FTAs with the Republic of Korea, Japan, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, and a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand. Australia continues to negotiate bilateral agreements with Indonesia, as well as larger agreements with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and an Asia-wide Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that includes the 10 ASEAN countries and China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand and India.

Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook.

Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms.

Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas.

After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis.

The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.235 trillion (2017 est.)

$1.209 trillion (2016 est.)

$1.179 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 20

$2.133 trillion (2017 est.)

$2.029 trillion (2016 est.)

$1.966 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 14

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.39 trillion (2017 est.)

$841.2 billion (2017 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

2.2% (2017 est.)

2.5% (2016 est.)

2.4% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 146

5.1% (2017 est.)

3.2% (2016 est.)

6.1% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 38

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$49,900 (2017 est.)

$49,600 (2016 est.)

$49,100 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 28

$26,500 (2017 est.)

$25,400 (2016 est.)

$25,000 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 75

Gross national saving

22.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

21.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

22.1% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 72

25.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

24.8% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 57.1%

government consumption: 19%

investment in fixed capital: 24.2%

investment in inventories: 0%

exports of goods and services: 20.5%

imports of goods and services: -20.8% (2017 est.)

household consumption: 59.8%

government consumption: 15.3%

investment in fixed capital: 28.6%

investment in inventories: -0.9%

exports of goods and services: 24%

imports of goods and services: -26.8% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 3.6%

industry: 26.1%

services: 70.3% (2017 est.)

agriculture: 6.7%

industry: 31.8%

services: 61.4% (2017 est.)

Agriculture - products

wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry

tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock

Industries

mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel

textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

Industrial production growth rate

1% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 170

3% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 100

Labor force

12.91 million (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 45

31.3 million

note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 3.6%

industry: 21.1%

services: 75.3% (2009 est.)

agriculture: 18.4%

industry: 26.6%

services: 54.9% (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

5.6% (2017 est.)

5.7% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 79

11.2% (2017 est.)

10.9% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

Population below poverty line

NA%

21.9% (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2%

highest 10%: 25.4% (1994 est.)

lowest 10%: 2.1%

highest 10%: 30.3% (2008 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

30.3 (2008 est.)

35.2 (1994 est.)

country comparison to the world: 132

40.2 (2010 est.)

43.6 (2003 est.)

country comparison to the world: 65

Budget

revenues: $461 billion

expenditures: $484.9 billion (2017 est.)

revenues: $173.9 billion

expenditures: $190.4 billion (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

33.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66

20.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 147

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-1.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 73

-2% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 86

Public debt

47.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

46.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 111

29.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

29.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 165

Fiscal year

1 July - 30 June

calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2% (2017 est.)

1.3% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 89

10.9% (2017 est.)

7.8% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 205

Central bank discount rate

3% (28 February 2013 est.)

4.35% (31 December 2010 est.)

note: this is the Reserve Bank of Australia's "cash rate target," or policy rate

country comparison to the world: 107

5.25% (31 December 2011 est.)

15% (22 December 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 79

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.3% (31 December 2017 est.)

5.42% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 140

15.2% (31 December 2017 est.)

14.74% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 42

Stock of narrow money

$271.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$243.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

$122 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

Stock of broad money

$1.586 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.415 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 12

$445 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$399.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Stock of domestic credit

$2.336 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$2.098 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 12

$612.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$549.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Market value of publicly traded shares

$1.187 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)

$1.289 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)

$1.366 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 13

$188.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

$219.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

$195.7 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 36

Current account balance

$-21.68 billion (2017 est.)

$-33.31 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 192

$-38.95 billion (2017 est.)

$-32.61 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 198

Exports

$224.5 billion (2017 est.)

$191.7 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

$157.3 billion (2017 est.)

$150.2 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 34

Exports - commodities

iron ore, coal, gold, natural gas, beef, aluminum ores and conc, wheat, meat (excluding beef), wool, alumina, alcohol

apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment

Exports - partners

China 30.5%, Japan 12.4%, US 6.5%, South Korea 6.1% (2016)

Germany 9.8%, UK 8.2%, Iraq 5.4%, Italy 5.3%, US 4.7%, France 4.2% (2016)

Imports

$215.4 billion (2017 est.)

$198.5 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

$196.8 billion (2017 est.)

$191 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Imports - commodities

motor vehicles, refined petroleum, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude petroleum, medicaments, goods vehicles, gold, computers

machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment

Imports - partners

China 23.4%, US 11.5%, Japan 7.8%, Thailand 5.6%, Germany 5.3%, South Korea 4.3% (2016)

China 12.8%, Germany 10.8%, Russia 7.6%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.2% (2016)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$60.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$55.07 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 36

$107.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$106.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

Debt - external

$1.67 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$1.547 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 12

$429.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$404.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$647.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$617.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

$143.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$133.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$443.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$441.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

$41.81 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$38.31 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 46

Exchange rates

Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -

1.31 (2017 est.)

1.34 (2016 est.)

1.34 (2015 est.)

1.33 (2014 est.)

1.11 (2013 est.)

Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -

3.63 (2017 est.)

3.02 (2016 est.)

3.02 (2015 est.)

2.72 (2014 est.)

2.19 (2013 est.)

Energy comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Australia

Turkey

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Electricity - production

237.9 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

245.8 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

Electricity - consumption

223.6 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

213.2 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 102

1.442 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 49

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 121

6.4 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

Electricity - installed generating capacity

67.03 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

73.15 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Electricity - from fossil fuels

72.9% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 98

56.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 138

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 43

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 195

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

10.9% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 116

35.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 59

Electricity - from other renewable sources

16.1% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 43

11.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66

Crude oil - production

289,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 33

49,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

Crude oil - exports

213,600 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

0 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 200

Crude oil - imports

339,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

506,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

Crude oil - proved reserves

1.821 billion bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

388.5 million bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 54

Refined petroleum products - production

472,100 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 34

618,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

Refined petroleum products - consumption

1.1 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

943,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Refined petroleum products - exports

60,290 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 50

134,900 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

Refined petroleum products - imports

564,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 14

527,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

Natural gas - production

67.2 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 13

381 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 73

Natural gas - consumption

46.99 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

81.35 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Natural gas - exports

34.06 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 11

624 million cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 41

Natural gas - imports

6.373 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32

48.43 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 7

Natural gas - proved reserves

1.989 trillion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

18.49 billion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 77

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

385 million Mt (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

319 million Mt (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

Communications comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

	Australia	Turkey
Telephones - fixed lines	total subscriptions: 8.18 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 22	total subscriptions: 11,077,559 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 18
Telephones - mobile cellular	total: 26.551 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 114 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 48	total: 75,061,699 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 93 (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 22
Telephone system	general assessment: excellent domestic and international service domestic: domestic satellite system; significant use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile telephones international: country code - 61; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable with links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Southern Cross fiber-optic submarine cable provides links to NZ and the US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean), 2 Inmarsat, 2 Globalstar, 5 other (2015)	general assessment: comprehensive telecommunications network undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially in mobile-cellular services domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 105 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable and by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that link Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2016)
Broadcast media	the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) runs multiple national and local radio networks and TV stations, as well as Australia Network, a TV service that broadcasts throughout the Asia-Pacific region and is the main public broadcaster; Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), a second large public broadcaster, operates radio and TV networks broadcasting in multiple languages; several large national commercial TV networks, a large number of local commercial TV stations, and hundreds of commercial radio stations are accessible; cable and satellite systems are available (2009)	Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) operates multiple TV and radio networks and stations; multiple privately owned national television stations and up to 300 private regional and local television stations; multi-channel cable TV subscriptions available; more than 1,000 private radio broadcast stations (2009)
Internet country code	.au	.tr
Internet users	total: 20,288,409 percent of population: 88.2% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 34	total: 46,838,412 percent of population: 58.3% (July 2016 est.) country comparison to the world: 16

Transportation comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

	Australia	Turkey
National air transport system	number of registered air carriers: 25 inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 583 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 69,294,187 annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1,887,295,820 mt-km (2018)	number of registered air carriers: 15 inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 531 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 96,604,665 annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,882.162 million mt-km (2015)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix	VH (2016)	TC (2016)
Airports	480 (2013) country comparison to the world: 16	98 (2013) country comparison to the world: 58
Airports - with paved runways	total: 349 over 3,047 m: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 14 1,524 to 2,437 m: 155 914 to 1,523 m: 155 under 914 m: 14 (2017)	total: 91 over 3,047 m: 16 2,438 to 3,047 m: 38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 4 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 131 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 101 under 914 m: 14 (2013)	total: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2013)
Heliports	1 (2013)	20 (2013)
Pipelines	condensate/gas 637 km; gas 30,054 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km; oil 3,609 km; oil/gas/water 110 km; refined products 72 km (2013)	gas 12,603 km; oil 3,038 km (2016)
Railways	total: 33,343 km broad gauge: 3,247 km 1.600-m gauge (372 km electrified) standard gauge: 17,446 km 1.435-m gauge (650 km electrified) narrow gauge: 12,318 km 1.067-m gauge (2,075.5 km electrified) other gauge: 35 km (2015) country comparison to the world: 7	total: 12,008 km standard gauge: 12,008 km 1.435-m gauge (3,216 km electrified) (2014) country comparison to the world: 21
Roadways	total: 873,573 km urban: 145,928 km non-urban: 727,645 km (2015) country comparison to the world: 9	total: 385,754 km paved: 352,268 km (includes 2,127 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,486 km (2012) country comparison to the world: 19
Waterways	2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling River systems) (2011) country comparison to the world: 42	1,200 km (2010) country comparison to the world: 59
Merchant marine	total: 549 by type: bulk carrier 4, general cargo 83, oil tanker 10, other 452 (2017) country comparison to the world: 39	total: 1,285 by type: bulk carrier 78, container ship 50, general cargo 432, oil tanker 121, other 604 (2017) country comparison to the world: 22
Ports and terminals	major seaport(s): Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Fremantle, Geelong, Gladstone, Hobart, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Adelaide, Port Kembla, Sydney dry bulk cargo port(s): Dampier (iron ore), Dalrymple Bay (coal), Hay Point (coal), Port Hedland (iron ore), Port Walcott (iron ore) container port(s) (TEUs): Brisbane (1,152,000), Melbourne (2,638,000), Sydney (2,330,000) (2015) LNG terminal(s) (export): Darwin, Karratha, Burrup, Curtis Island	major seaport(s): Aliaga, Ambarli, Diliskelesi, Eregli, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mersin (Icel), Limani, Yarimca container port(s) (TEUs): Ambarli (3,062,000), Mersin (Icel) (1,428,000) (2015) LNG terminal(s) (import): Izmir Aliaga, Marmara Ereglisi

Military comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

	Australia	Turkey
Military expenditures	2% of GDP (2016) 1.98% of GDP (2015) 1.8% of GDP (2014) 1.68% of GDP (2013) 1.7% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 48	1.73% of GDP (2016) 1.85% of GDP (2015) 1.9% of GDP (2014) 1.96% of GDP (2013) 2.05% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 61
Military branches	Australian Defense Force (ADF): Australian Army (includes Special Operations Command), Royal Australian Navy (includes Naval Aviation Force), Royal Australian Air Force, Joint Operations Command (JOC) (2016)	Turkish Armed Forces (TSK): Turkish Land Forces (Turk Kara Kuvvetleri), Turkish Naval Forces (Turk Deniz Kuvvetleri; includes naval air and naval infantry), Turkish Air Forces (Turk Hava Kuvvetleri) (2013)
Military service age and obligation	17 years of age for voluntary military service (with parental consent); no conscription; women allowed to serve in most combat roles (2018)	21-41 years of age for male compulsory military service (in case of mobilization, up to 65 years of age); 18 years of age for voluntary service; 12-month conscript obligation for non-university graduates, 6-12 months for university graduates (graduates of higher education may perform 6 months of military service as short-term privates, or 12 months as reserve officers); conscripts are called to register at age 20, for service at 21; women serve in the Turkish Armed Forces only as officers; reserve obligation to age 41; Turkish citizens with a residence or work permit who have worked abroad for at least 3 years (1095 days) can be exempt from military service in exchange for 6,000 EUR or its equivalent in foreign currencies; a law passed in December 2014 introduced a one-time payment scheme which exempted Turkish citizens 27 and older from conscription in exchange for a payment of $8,150 (2013)
Military - note	-	the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the "Force 2014" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities including in Afghanistan; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an "Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense (2014)

Transnational comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

	Australia	Turkey
Disputes - international	in 2018, Australia and Timor-Leste signed a permanent maritime border treaty, scrapping a 2007 development zone and revenue sharing arrangement between the countries; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica; Australia's 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf extends its continental margins over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its seabed roughly 30 percent beyond its claimed EEZ; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing	complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley
Refugees and internally displaced persons	refugees (country of origin): 9,217 (Afghanistan); 6,128 (Iran) (2016)	refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018) IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017) stateless persons: 780 (2016)
Illicit drugs	Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines	key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

Australia

Turkey

Disputes - international

in 2018, Australia and Timor-Leste signed a permanent maritime border treaty, scrapping a 2007 development zone and revenue sharing arrangement between the countries; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica; Australia's 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf extends its continental margins over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its seabed roughly 30 percent beyond its claimed EEZ; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing

complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq; in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; Turkish authorities have complained that blasting from quarries in Armenia might be damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 9,217 (Afghanistan); 6,128 (Iran) (2016)

refugees (country of origin): 157,000 (Afghanistan); 152,000 (Iraq); 33,000 (Iran) (2017); 3,589,384 (Syria) (2018)

IDPs: 1.113 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2017)

stateless persons: 780 (2016)

Illicit drugs

Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines

key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

AUD to TRY Historical Rates

year	by month
AUD to TRY in 2023	AUD to TRY in 2023-06 AUD to TRY in 2023-05 AUD to TRY in 2023-04 AUD to TRY in 2023-03 AUD to TRY in 2023-02 AUD to TRY in 2023-01
AUD to TRY in 2022	AUD to TRY in 2022-12 AUD to TRY in 2022-11 AUD to TRY in 2022-10 AUD to TRY in 2022-09 AUD to TRY in 2022-08 AUD to TRY in 2022-07 AUD to TRY in 2022-06 AUD to TRY in 2022-05 AUD to TRY in 2022-04 AUD to TRY in 2022-03 AUD to TRY in 2022-02 AUD to TRY in 2022-01
AUD to TRY in 2021	AUD to TRY in 2021-12 AUD to TRY in 2021-11 AUD to TRY in 2021-10 AUD to TRY in 2021-09 AUD to TRY in 2021-08 AUD to TRY in 2021-07 AUD to TRY in 2021-06 AUD to TRY in 2021-05 AUD to TRY in 2021-04 AUD to TRY in 2021-03 AUD to TRY in 2021-02 AUD to TRY in 2021-01
AUD to TRY in 2020	AUD to TRY in 2020-12 AUD to TRY in 2020-11 AUD to TRY in 2020-10 AUD to TRY in 2020-09 AUD to TRY in 2020-08 AUD to TRY in 2020-07 AUD to TRY in 2020-06 AUD to TRY in 2020-05 AUD to TRY in 2020-04 AUD to TRY in 2020-03 AUD to TRY in 2020-02 AUD to TRY in 2020-01
AUD to TRY in 2019	AUD to TRY in 2019-12 AUD to TRY in 2019-11 AUD to TRY in 2019-10 AUD to TRY in 2019-09 AUD to TRY in 2019-08 AUD to TRY in 2019-07 AUD to TRY in 2019-06 AUD to TRY in 2019-05 AUD to TRY in 2019-04 AUD to TRY in 2019-03 AUD to TRY in 2019-02 AUD to TRY in 2019-01
AUD to TRY in 2018	AUD to TRY in 2018-12 AUD to TRY in 2018-11 AUD to TRY in 2018-10 AUD to TRY in 2018-09 AUD to TRY in 2018-08 AUD to TRY in 2018-07 AUD to TRY in 2018-06 AUD to TRY in 2018-05 AUD to TRY in 2018-04 AUD to TRY in 2018-03 AUD to TRY in 2018-02 AUD to TRY in 2018-01
AUD to TRY in 2017	AUD to TRY in 2017-12 AUD to TRY in 2017-11 AUD to TRY in 2017-10 AUD to TRY in 2017-09 AUD to TRY in 2017-08 AUD to TRY in 2017-07 AUD to TRY in 2017-06 AUD to TRY in 2017-05 AUD to TRY in 2017-04 AUD to TRY in 2017-03 AUD to TRY in 2017-02 AUD to TRY in 2017-01
AUD to TRY in 2016	AUD to TRY in 2016-12 AUD to TRY in 2016-11 AUD to TRY in 2016-10 AUD to TRY in 2016-09 AUD to TRY in 2016-08 AUD to TRY in 2016-07 AUD to TRY in 2016-06 AUD to TRY in 2016-05 AUD to TRY in 2016-04 AUD to TRY in 2016-03 AUD to TRY in 2016-02 AUD to TRY in 2016-01
AUD to TRY in 2015	AUD to TRY in 2015-12 AUD to TRY in 2015-11 AUD to TRY in 2015-10 AUD to TRY in 2015-09 AUD to TRY in 2015-08 AUD to TRY in 2015-07 AUD to TRY in 2015-06 AUD to TRY in 2015-05 AUD to TRY in 2015-04 AUD to TRY in 2015-03 AUD to TRY in 2015-02 AUD to TRY in 2015-01
AUD to TRY in 2014	AUD to TRY in 2014-12 AUD to TRY in 2014-11 AUD to TRY in 2014-10 AUD to TRY in 2014-09 AUD to TRY in 2014-08 AUD to TRY in 2014-07 AUD to TRY in 2014-06 AUD to TRY in 2014-05 AUD to TRY in 2014-04 AUD to TRY in 2014-03 AUD to TRY in 2014-02 AUD to TRY in 2014-01
AUD to TRY in 2013	AUD to TRY in 2013-12 AUD to TRY in 2013-11 AUD to TRY in 2013-10 AUD to TRY in 2013-09 AUD to TRY in 2013-08 AUD to TRY in 2013-07 AUD to TRY in 2013-06 AUD to TRY in 2013-05 AUD to TRY in 2013-04 AUD to TRY in 2013-03 AUD to TRY in 2013-02 AUD to TRY in 2013-01
AUD to TRY in 2012	AUD to TRY in 2012-12 AUD to TRY in 2012-11 AUD to TRY in 2012-10 AUD to TRY in 2012-09 AUD to TRY in 2012-08 AUD to TRY in 2012-07 AUD to TRY in 2012-06 AUD to TRY in 2012-05 AUD to TRY in 2012-04 AUD to TRY in 2012-03 AUD to TRY in 2012-02 AUD to TRY in 2012-01
AUD to TRY in 2011	AUD to TRY in 2011-12 AUD to TRY in 2011-11 AUD to TRY in 2011-10 AUD to TRY in 2011-09 AUD to TRY in 2011-08 AUD to TRY in 2011-07 AUD to TRY in 2011-06 AUD to TRY in 2011-05 AUD to TRY in 2011-04 AUD to TRY in 2011-03 AUD to TRY in 2011-02 AUD to TRY in 2011-01
AUD to TRY in 2010	AUD to TRY in 2010-12 AUD to TRY in 2010-11 AUD to TRY in 2010-10 AUD to TRY in 2010-09 AUD to TRY in 2010-08 AUD to TRY in 2010-07 AUD to TRY in 2010-06 AUD to TRY in 2010-05 AUD to TRY in 2010-04 AUD to TRY in 2010-03 AUD to TRY in 2010-02 AUD to TRY in 2010-01
AUD to TRY in 2009	AUD to TRY in 2009-12 AUD to TRY in 2009-11 AUD to TRY in 2009-10 AUD to TRY in 2009-09 AUD to TRY in 2009-08 AUD to TRY in 2009-07 AUD to TRY in 2009-06 AUD to TRY in 2009-05 AUD to TRY in 2009-04 AUD to TRY in 2009-03 AUD to TRY in 2009-02 AUD to TRY in 2009-01
AUD to TRY in 2008	AUD to TRY in 2008-12 AUD to TRY in 2008-11 AUD to TRY in 2008-10 AUD to TRY in 2008-09 AUD to TRY in 2008-08 AUD to TRY in 2008-07 AUD to TRY in 2008-06 AUD to TRY in 2008-05 AUD to TRY in 2008-04 AUD to TRY in 2008-03 AUD to TRY in 2008-02 AUD to TRY in 2008-01
AUD to TRY in 2007	AUD to TRY in 2007-12 AUD to TRY in 2007-11 AUD to TRY in 2007-10 AUD to TRY in 2007-09 AUD to TRY in 2007-08 AUD to TRY in 2007-07 AUD to TRY in 2007-06 AUD to TRY in 2007-05 AUD to TRY in 2007-04 AUD to TRY in 2007-03 AUD to TRY in 2007-02 AUD to TRY in 2007-01
AUD to TRY in 2006	AUD to TRY in 2006-12 AUD to TRY in 2006-11 AUD to TRY in 2006-10 AUD to TRY in 2006-09 AUD to TRY in 2006-08 AUD to TRY in 2006-07 AUD to TRY in 2006-06 AUD to TRY in 2006-05 AUD to TRY in 2006-04 AUD to TRY in 2006-03 AUD to TRY in 2006-02 AUD to TRY in 2006-01
AUD to TRY in 2005	AUD to TRY in 2005-12 AUD to TRY in 2005-11 AUD to TRY in 2005-10 AUD to TRY in 2005-09 AUD to TRY in 2005-08 AUD to TRY in 2005-07 AUD to TRY in 2005-06 AUD to TRY in 2005-05 AUD to TRY in 2005-04 AUD to TRY in 2005-03 AUD to TRY in 2005-02 AUD to TRY in 2005-01
AUD to TRY in 2004	AUD to TRY in 2004-12 AUD to TRY in 2004-11 AUD to TRY in 2004-10 AUD to TRY in 2004-09 AUD to TRY in 2004-08 AUD to TRY in 2004-07 AUD to TRY in 2004-06 AUD to TRY in 2004-05 AUD to TRY in 2004-04 AUD to TRY in 2004-03 AUD to TRY in 2004-02 AUD to TRY in 2004-01
AUD to TRY in 2003	AUD to TRY in 2003-12 AUD to TRY in 2003-11 AUD to TRY in 2003-10 AUD to TRY in 2003-09 AUD to TRY in 2003-08 AUD to TRY in 2003-07 AUD to TRY in 2003-06 AUD to TRY in 2003-05 AUD to TRY in 2003-04 AUD to TRY in 2003-03 AUD to TRY in 2003-02 AUD to TRY in 2003-01
AUD to TRY in 2002	AUD to TRY in 2002-12 AUD to TRY in 2002-11 AUD to TRY in 2002-10 AUD to TRY in 2002-09 AUD to TRY in 2002-08 AUD to TRY in 2002-07 AUD to TRY in 2002-06 AUD to TRY in 2002-05 AUD to TRY in 2002-04 AUD to TRY in 2002-03 AUD to TRY in 2002-02 AUD to TRY in 2002-01
AUD to TRY in 2001	AUD to TRY in 2001-12 AUD to TRY in 2001-11 AUD to TRY in 2001-10 AUD to TRY in 2001-09 AUD to TRY in 2001-08 AUD to TRY in 2001-07 AUD to TRY in 2001-06 AUD to TRY in 2001-05 AUD to TRY in 2001-04 AUD to TRY in 2001-03 AUD to TRY in 2001-02 AUD to TRY in 2001-01
AUD to TRY in 2000	AUD to TRY in 2000-12 AUD to TRY in 2000-11 AUD to TRY in 2000-10 AUD to TRY in 2000-09 AUD to TRY in 2000-08 AUD to TRY in 2000-07 AUD to TRY in 2000-06 AUD to TRY in 2000-05 AUD to TRY in 2000-04 AUD to TRY in 2000-03 AUD to TRY in 2000-02 AUD to TRY in 2000-01

All AUD Exchange Rates Now

Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate	Exchange	Rate
AUD to AED rate	2.43146 ▼	AUD to ALL rate	67.1782 ▼	AUD to ANG rate	1.19329 ▼
AUD to ARS rate	159.61641 ▲	AUD to AWG rate	1.19326 ▼	AUD to BBD rate	1.324 ▼
AUD to BDT rate	71.02927 ▼	AUD to BGN rate	1.20869 ▼	AUD to BHD rate	0.24915 ▼
AUD to BIF rate	1870.15002 ▼	AUD to BMD rate	0.662 ▼	AUD to BND rate	0.89359 ▼
AUD to BOB rate	4.57504 ▼	AUD to BRL rate	3.28134 ▼	AUD to BSD rate	0.662 ▼
AUD to BTN rate	54.67251 ▲	AUD to BZD rate	1.33462 ▼	AUD to CAD rate	0.88883 ▼
AUD to CHF rate	0.60178 ▼	AUD to CLP rate	528.87843 ▼	AUD to CNY rate	4.6902 ▼
AUD to COP rate	2917.88545 ▼	AUD to CRC rate	358.07814 ▲	AUD to CZK rate	14.59657 ▼
AUD to DKK rate	4.60421 ▼	AUD to DOP rate	36.32622 ▲	AUD to DZD rate	90.2715 ▼
AUD to EGP rate	20.43757 ▲	AUD to ETB rate	36.29382 ▲	AUD to EUR rate	0.61791 ▼
AUD to FJD rate	1.48036 ▼	AUD to GBP rate	0.53171 ▼	AUD to GMD rate	39.43534 ▼
AUD to GNF rate	5712.53351 ▼	AUD to GTQ rate	5.18438 ▼	AUD to HKD rate	5.18895 ▼
AUD to HNL rate	16.33507 ▼	AUD to HRK rate	4.65812 ▼	AUD to HTG rate	93.36443 ▲
AUD to HUF rate	228.72762 ▼	AUD to IDR rate	9865.05792 ▼	AUD to ILS rate	2.48294 ▲
AUD to INR rate	54.54764 ▼	AUD to IQD rate	869.82878 ▲	AUD to IRR rate	28002.60034 ▼
AUD to ISK rate	93.2758 ▼	AUD to JMD rate	102.77621 ▲	AUD to JOD rate	0.46956 ▼
AUD to JPY rate	92.6502 ▼	AUD to KES rate	91.03774 ▼	AUD to KMF rate	302.9973 ▼
AUD to KRW rate	864.67131 ▼	AUD to KWD rate	0.20328 ▼	AUD to KYD rate	0.55177 ▼
AUD to KZT rate	297.14099 ▼	AUD to LBP rate	9974.39365 ▼	AUD to LKR rate	192.86349 ▲
AUD to LSL rate	12.91908 ▼	AUD to MAD rate	6.74615 ▼	AUD to MDL rate	11.79152 ▲
AUD to MKD rate	38.16955 ▼	AUD to MNT rate	2329.57803 ▼	AUD to MOP rate	5.34531 ▼
AUD to MUR rate	30.1034 ▼	AUD to MVR rate	10.16501 ▼	AUD to MWK rate	679.49782 ▲
AUD to MXN rate	11.6224 ▼	AUD to MYR rate	3.03031 ▼	AUD to NAD rate	12.95534 ▼
AUD to NGN rate	306.48289 ▲	AUD to NIO rate	24.20272 ▼	AUD to NOK rate	7.29775 ▼
AUD to NPR rate	87.47609 ▲	AUD to NZD rate	1.09178 ▼	AUD to OMR rate	0.25488 ▼
AUD to PAB rate	0.662 ▼	AUD to PEN rate	2.44866 ▲	AUD to PGK rate	2.38842 ▲
AUD to PHP rate	37.08722 ▼	AUD to PKR rate	189.78558 ▲	AUD to PLN rate	2.77563 ▼
AUD to PYG rate	4810.79877 ▲	AUD to QAR rate	2.42317 ▲	AUD to RON rate	3.0695 ▼
AUD to RUB rate	53.4896 ▼	AUD to RWF rate	749.54951 ▲	AUD to SAR rate	2.483 ▼
AUD to SBD rate	5.52173 ▼	AUD to SCR rate	9.2872 ▲	AUD to SEK rate	7.15053 ▼
AUD to SGD rate	0.89396 ▼	AUD to SLL rate	11694.23014 ▼	AUD to SVC rate	5.79336 ▼
AUD to SZL rate	12.91229 ▼	AUD to THB rate	22.99673 ▼	AUD to TND rate	2.0469 ▼
AUD to TOP rate	1.5765 ▼	AUD to TRY rate	13.87612 ▼	AUD to TTD rate	4.50714 ▲
AUD to TWD rate	20.31129 ▼	AUD to TZS rate	1567.61602 ▼	AUD to UAH rate	24.54285 ▲
AUD to UGX rate	2485.32873 ▲	AUD to USD rate	0.662 ▼	AUD to UYU rate	25.693 ▼
AUD to VUV rate	78.7641 ▼	AUD to WST rate	1.80429 ▼	AUD to XAF rate	405.32292 ▼
AUD to XCD rate	1.78909 ▼	AUD to XOF rate	405.32292 ▼	AUD to XPF rate	73.73637 ▼
AUD to YER rate	165.73168 ▼	AUD to ZAR rate	12.91587 ▼

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AUD to TRY Live Rate

AUD to TRY Rate Chart

AUD Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Economic indicators of Australia and Turkey

AUD to TRY Historical Rates(table)

AUD to TRY Handy Conversion

Comparison between Australia and Turkey

Background comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Geography comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

People comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Government comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Economy comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Energy comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Communications comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Transportation comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Military comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

Transnational comparison between [Australia] and [Turkey]

AUD to TRY Historical Rates

All AUD Exchange Rates Now